Title : Impact of the el nino phenomenon on hydroelectric energy production in Colombia
Abstract:
Hydroelectric energy in Colombia represents more than 70% of the country's total energy production. Climatic phenomena such as El Niño and La Niña have a significant impact on the energy sustainability of the country, located in the equatorial zone. These phenomena greatly affect the production of hydraulic energy on an annual basis, which naturally depends on the level of periodic rainfall to generate electricity. During the months in which the El Niño phenomenon occurs, the decrease in rainfall reduces the flow of rivers and, as a consequence, the capacity of hydroelectric projects to generate energy, leading to an increase in electricity prices and, in some cases, rationing in various regions of the country. This phenomenon affects Colombia and also other countries in the equatorial region whose energy production includes hydroelectric plants. Understanding the effects of these climatic events is crucial to design strategies that mitigate the negative impacts on energy production. The development of alternative energy sources, such as solar parks, thermal power plants and other renewable sources, is presented as a viable solution to compensate for low production during periods of drought. The identification of suitable areas for the construction of these energy infrastructures can ensure the continuity of productive activities in the country, preventing economic growth and social stability from being seriously affected. Through the integration of renewable energy sources, it is possible to guarantee greater resilience against future extreme weather events, strengthening long-term energy security.
