Title : Extending the horizon of real time hybrid coiled tubing applications in fracturing: A comparative study of first stage perforations in deep horizonal well
Abstract:
The boom in hydraulic fracturing over recent decades has intensified the drive for enhanced operational efficiency in terms of both cost and time. Multi-stage fracturing (MSF) completions have been introduced as an alternative to the traditional plug-and-perf method especially in deep horizontal wells. The constrained internal diameters (IDs) inherent in MSF completions have necessitated the adoption of advanced completion technologies to eliminate flow restrictions; however, the activation of the first stage remains a persistent challenge. Initiating fracturing typically requires either hydraulic port activation or intervention, both of which can be hindered by drilling and completion debris in the horizontal section. This debris often impairs hydraulic port functionality, increasing dependence on intervention-based solutions, which are both time and resource-intensive. This paper evaluates and compares various first-stage perforation strategies to enhance operational reliability and efficiency.
Typically, a first-stage perforation requires up to five operational runs. The process begins with a coiled tubing (CT) cleanout, followed by a venturi-jet junk basket to remove residual solid debris for the ease of wireline tractor deployment. Subsequent runs include a wireline dummy pass and perforation. If necessary, a final CT run may be required for acid spearhead in cases of poor injectivity. Real-Time Hybrid Coiled Tubing (RTHCT) enabled a reduction in operational runs to two, without compromising technical objectives. In contrast, abrasive jetting proved to be less efficient due to its technical limitations and higher resource requirements.
The utilization of RTHCT resulted in a 57% reduction in downhole operating time, delivering superior depth precision and control via real-time downhole sensors. RT E-Coiled (RTCT) achieved a 40% time reduction, but had limitations in acidic environments when using wireline tools. Abrasive jetting is another method, which exhibits relatively higher efficiency compared to RTCT, although it demonstrates limited precision, lower control over downhole parameters, and extended operational time compared to RTHCT applications. A comparative performance matrix will be presented, evaluating these strategies in horizontal well applications based on seven key factors.
