Oil Refining

Oil refining is any post-extraction procedure used to obtain high-quality oil for a variety of applications. Phosphatides, tocopherols, sterols, free fatty acids, gummy compounds, color bodies, hydrocarbons, ketones, and aldehydes are all found in crude oil. The refining process removes these contaminants. Many thermodynamic processes, such as mass and heat transit phenomena, are involved in oil refining, and a food engineer or chemical engineer can assist in improving oil quality and processing efficiency. Although many integrated oil companies would perform both extraction and refining services, refining is considered as a downstream operation of the oil and gas industry. The capacity of major refineries to process hundreds of thousands of barrels of crude oil per day. The refining process is known as the "downstream" sector in the industry, whereas raw crude oil production is known as the "upstream" sector.

• Crude Oil Up-Stream Process
• Downstream Processing of Oil